Lesson 5 | Aorist Participles
[2] First Aorist Participles
In this step, we add first aorist participles to our 3 Key Features chart. As you can see from the chart, the same present stem is used, just like it is in present participles. That leaves us with only two changes for you to note: (1) the first aorist tense formers, and (2) the fact that first aorist participles have a distinct passive form.
Taking one line at a time, examine the three key features of first aorist participles and their respective application to the verb λύω.
There are two forms to take special note of: the nominative masculine singular and dative masculine/neuter plural forms for both the active and passive voices. In the active voice, notice how these forms contain a σασ. But be careful, that is not the feminine tense former as you might assume, but rather an ending that begins with scheming σ, causing the ντ of the σαντ tense former to drop off. Likewise, in the passive, these forms contain what looks like the feminine tense former θεισ, but in actuality is the fallout of scheming σ.
Example
λυ+σαντ+ες
[Stem]
[Tense Former]
[Ending]
The tense former shows that this is clearly an aorist, active, participle, and the ending is from the Third Noun Pattern, nominative, masculine, plural. So, we can put that all together and parse λύσαντες as an aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural from λύω.
Now it is time to see how well you can recognize all the aorist participle forms of λύω. Be sure to put Greek on the front of the cards if this is not already the case. (Do so by using the Quizlet settings button.) Before flipping the card, use the 3 Key Features chart on your cheat sheet to try and parse the participle on your own. Focus on identifying the stem, the tense former (for the verbal components of the participle), and the ending pattern (for the adjectival components).