Lesson 5 | Aorist Participles
[3] Second Aorist Participles
Second aorist participles look similar to present participles. The only difference (besides a distinct passive form) is the change from the present tense-form stem to the aorist tense-form stem. In the chart below, you can see the stem changes that occur in verbs that you already know. You do not need to memorize all of these. However, you must be able to recognize the aorist stem along with its lexical form. You should memorize the forms that are significantly different.
This lesson uses the verb βάλλω as the paradigm verb for second aorist participles.¹ As you did with first aorist participles, learn the three key features for each line of second aorist participles. Then, look at the tables to see how the key features work. Again, you should note that the forms look exactly like those of present participles in the active and middle voices—with the exception of a different stem (βάλ instead of βάλλ in this case).
Once again, remember scheming σ. Just like present active participles, do not be deceived by the ουσ of the dative masculine/neuter plural forms. And just like first aorist passive participles, note the deceptive θεισ of the nominative masculine singular and dative masculine/neuter plural forms.
Example
βλη+θει+ς
[Stem]
[Tense Former]
[Ending]
The tense former shows that this is clearly an aorist, passive, participle, but is it first or second aorist? The stem tells us: βλη is the second aorist stem of the verb βάλλω when it is in the passive voice. Finally, the -ς ending is from the Third Noun Pattern, nominative, masculine, singular. So, we can put that all together and parse βληθείς as an aorist, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, singular from βάλλω.
Let’s now turn to a quizlet with second aorist participle forms of βάλλω. As you did with the quizlet for first aorist participles, try parsing the participle on your own before flipping the card. Remember, focus on identifying the stem, the tense former, and the ending pattern.
Infinitive Key Features, Preposition-Infinitive Constructions, Aorist StemspdfThis cheat sheet includes present and aorist stems, as well as infinitives, which you’ll learn later in this course. You will want to print it out and keep it at hand.