Indicative Verbs: 4 KEY FEATURES | |||||
Tense-Form | Voice | Augment | Stem | Tense Former | Ending Pattern |
Present | Active | present | Primary Active |
||
Middle/ Passive |
present | Primary Middle-Passive |
|||
Imperfect | Active | ε | present | Secondary Active |
|
Middle/ Passive |
ε | present | Secondary Middle-Passive |
||
1st Aorist | Active | ε | usually same as present |
σα | Secondary Active |
Middle | ε | usually same as present |
σα | Secondary Middle-Passive |
|
Passive | ε | usually same as present |
θη | Secondary Active |
|
2nd Aorist | Active | ε | aorist | Secondary Active |
|
Middle | ε | aorist | Secondary Middle-Passive |
||
Passive | ε | aorist | η | Secondary Active |
|
Future | Active | future¹ | σ | Primary Active |
|
Middle | future¹ | σ | Primary Middle-Passive |
||
Passive | aorist | θησ | Primary Middle-Passive |
||
¹ Often similar to the aorist stem. |
εἰμί in the indicative | |||||||||||
Present | Imperfect | Future | |||||||||
Singular | First | εἰμί I am |
ἤμην I was |
ἔσομαι I will be |
|||||||
Second | εἶ you are |
ἦς you were |
ἔσῃ you will be |
||||||||
Third | ἐστίν he/she/it is |
ἦν he/she/it was |
ἔσται he/she/it will be |
||||||||
Plural | First | ἐσμέν we are |
ἦμεν we were |
ἐσόμεθα we will be |
|||||||
Second | ἐστέ you (pl.) are |
ἦτε you (pl.) were |
ἔσεσθε you (pl.) will be |
||||||||
Third | εἰσίν they are |
ἦσαν they were |
ἔσονται they will be |