Lesson 8 | Odds & Ends, Part 1
Review
In this lesson, you learned how to recognize the three classes of conditional sentences. You also learned how to recognize and translate genitive absolutes and periphrastic participles, along with several common uses of adverbial participles. Here is a summary of these topics:
Conditional Sentences
| Conditionals Classes |
|
|
Protasis (if-clause) |
|
Apodosis (then-clause) |
|
Meaning |
First
Class |
εἰ + [οὐ] indicative |
→ |
(any mood, any tense) |
Assumed true for the sake of argument |
Second
Class |
εἰ + [μή] indicative (aorist, imperfect, or pluperfect) |
→ |
[ἄν] indicative (matches tense-form of protasis) |
Speaker believes protasis is contrary to fact |
Third
Class |
ἐάν + [μή] subjunctive |
→ |
(any mood, any tense) |
Expresses potential or probable fulfillment |
Genitive Absolutes
Both the subject and the participle are in the genitive case.
As an adverbial participle, it will never have an article.
The subject of the main verb is not the subject of the participle.
Most genitive absolutes occur at the beginning of the sentence.
Periphrastic Participles
A finite form of εἰμί is paired with a participle.
The participle is usually in the nominative case.
The participle usually comes after the finite verb.
The participle will not have an article.
Common Uses of Adverbial Participles
Temporal // When? // when, while, after
Manner // How? In what way? // by
Means // How? // by means of
Causal // Why? // because
Purpose // Why? // in order to
Result // With what result? // with the result that
Concessive // Despite what? // in spite of, although, even though, nevertheless