Lesson 3 | The Second Noun Pattern, Prepositions, and Connectors
Grammar Point 1: Connectors
Connectors (or conjunctions) are words that connect words or groups of words. A connector can connect words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, or even larger sections of a book. Our first grammar point for this lesson focuses on the main Koine Greek connectors.
We already talked about Greek connectors in both the devotional and the reading video. This step will help us organize what we already learned. Thus far, we have seen six things about Greek connectors:
- Greek connectors connect individual words as well as larger groups of words (phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, etc.)
- Most sentences and clauses in Koine Greek use connectors
- Connectors usually start a sentence or clause, though certain connectors appear as the second or third word in
- There are two kinds of connectors: coordinate and subordinate
- Coordinate connectors connect words, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs at the same level
- Subordinate connectors identify that one phrase or clause depends upon another
There are many different connectors in Koine Greek. The following chart contains some of the most important connectors. The coordinate connectors are red, and the subordinate connectors are blue. Note that Greek connectors do not line up exactly with English connectors. Try to understand the different role each Greek connector plays within Greek.
Again, it is important to learn how each of these Greek connectors works in Greek. Although we can often use “and” to translate καί, it does not mean that καί = and. As you memorize the flashcards below, remember to memorize the function of the Greek connector as well as the key words we can use to translate it into English.
Quiz
Now let’s see how well you understand the function of each Greek connector. The multiple choice quiz below will ask you to choose the best Greek connector to express the relationship between two English clauses below. For example, for the sentence: “I skipped lunch. As a result, I am really hungry.” You should choose ὥστε because ὥστε connects the second clause as the result of the first.
I did not come to call the righteous but instead sinners (Mk 2:17). "But instead" translates which Greek connector?
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You will call his name "Jesus." For he will save his people from their sins (Matt 1:21). "For" translates which Greek connector?
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For God so loved the world, with the result that he gave his One and Only Son... (John 3:16) "With the result that" translates which Greek connector?
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He settled in Capernaum so that the word that came through Isaiah the Prophet might be fulfilled (Matt 4:13-14). "So that" translates which Greek connector?
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What then will we say to these things? If God is for us, who is against us? (Rom 8:31) "Then" translates which Greek connector?
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This message is trustworthy and deserves full acceptance, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners... (1 Tim 1:15) "That" translates which Greek connector?
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Blessed are those who are poor in spirit, because the Kingdom of Heaven is theirs (Matt 5:3). "Because" translates which Greek connector?
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Do not think that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets... (Matt 5:17) "Or" translates which Greek connector?
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