Lesson 8 | Aorist (Perfective) Participles

In this lesson, we will learn about aorist participles. Before you move on to this lesson, make sure that you understand what we learned in the last lesson: (1) the basic parts of Greek verbs, (2) verbal aspect, and (3) the form and function of present participles. The following quiz will help you assess if you are ready to move on to this lesson on aorist participles. If you do not answer at least 12/15 correctly on the first try, you should review the previous lesson before moving on to this one.

The following questions relate to the basic parts of a verb and verbal aspect. Choose the best answer for each question.

What is verbal aspect?

How the speaker portrays the verb's relationship to reality

The verb's lexical core that communicates its meaning

The view or perspective that the speaker gives us of the verb's action

The subject's relationship to the verb's action

Which aspect would an author use to portray an action as it is happening?

Stative aspect

The subjunctive mood

Perfective aspect

Imperfective aspect

Which aspect would an author use to summarize the whole action from start to finish?

Stative aspect

The subjunctive mood

Perfective aspect

Imperfective aspect

Which aspect would an author use to focus on the results of a verb's action?

Stative aspect

The subjunctive mood

Imperfective aspect

Perfective aspect

When do Greek verbs communicate time as well as aspect?

Only in the indicative mood

Always

Only when they are participles

Never

The next questions each contain one present participle. Choose the correct parsing and translation for each participle.

λύοντες

Present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural from λύω: "while untying"

Present, active, participle, accusative, masculine, plural from λύω: "while untying"

Present, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, plural from λύω: "while being untied"

Present, passive, participle, accusative, masculine, plural from λύω: "while being untied"

λέγων

Present, active, participle, genitive, masculine, plural from λέγω: "while saying"

Present, active, participle, nominative, neuter, singular from λέγω: "while saying"

Present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular from λέγω: "while saying"

Present, active, participle, genitive, neuter, plural from λέγω: "while saying"

ἀγαπῶντι

Present, passive, participle, dative, masculine or neuter, singular from ἀγαπάω: "while being loved"

Present, active, participle, dative, masculine or neuter, singular from ἀγαπάω: "while loving"

Present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural from ἀγαπάω: "while loving"

Present, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, plural from ἀγαπάω: "while being loved"

λύουσα

Present, active, participle, nominative or accusative, neuter, plural from λύω: "while untying"

Present, passive, participle, nominative, feminine, singular from λύω: "while being untied"

Present, passive, participle, nominative or accusative, neuter, plural from λύω: "while being untied"

Present, active, participle, nominative, feminine, singular from λύω: "while untying"

πιστευομένη

Present, active, participle, nominative, feminine, singular from πιστεύω: "while being believed"

Present, active, participle, nominative, feminine, singular from πιστεύω: "while believing"

Present, middle or passive, participle, nominative, feminine, singular from πιστεύω: "while being believed"

Present, middle or passive, participle, nominative, feminine, singular from πιστεύω: "while believing"

The last set of questions focuses on the following sentence. Choose the best answer for each question.

οὗτος ἐστιν (is) ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.

How is the participle functioning in this sentence?

As an adjectival participle

As an adverbial participle

As a substantival participle

There is not a participle in this sentence.

Parse βαπτίζων

Present, active, participle, genitive, masculine, plural from βαπτίζω

Present, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, singular from βαπτίζω

Present, passive, participle, genitive, masculine, plural from βαπτίζω

Present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular from βαπτίζω

What kind of adjective is ἁγίῳ?

A predicate adjective

An attributive adjective

A substantival adjective

It is not an adjective.

Choose the best translation:

This man is in the Holy Spirit. He is baptizing.

This man is the one who baptizes in the Holy Spirit.

This man is in the Holy Spirit. He is being baptized.

This man is the one who was baptized in the Holy Spirit.

New Vocabulary

For this lesson, you will learn 17 new words: 12 verbs, three particles, one preposition, and one reciprocal pronoun. Remember that we memorize verbs in their present, active, indicative, first person, singular form. However, verb stems do not always look the same outside of the present tense-form. When we learn about aorist participles in this lesson, you will learn that some verbs change their stem in the aorist. For example, the stem for ἐξέρχομαι becomes ἐξέλθ in aorist verbs. You do not need to memorize this now. Simply remember that this happens to prepare you for the grammar points on aorist participles later in this lesson.

Lesson 8 Vocabulary

αἴρω

I take; I raise; I remove (verb)

ἀλλήλων

one another (pronoun)

ἀπέρχομαι

I go away (verb)

ἀποθνῄσκω

I die (verb)

ἀποστέλλω

I send (verb)

βάλλω

I throw (verb)

βλέπω

I see; I watch (verb)

ζητέω

I seek; I desire (verb)

κρίνω

I judge (verb)

μέλλω

I am about to; I am going to (verb)

μένω

I remain; I live; I dwell (verb)

ὅταν

whenever (particle)

ὅτε

when (particle)

παρακαλέω

I exhort; I encourage; I summon (verb)

πῶς

how?; how (particle)

σύν (+ dative)

with (preposition)

σῴζω

I save; I heal (verb)

Lesson 8 | Aorist (Perfective) Participles

Vocabulary

What is verbal aspect?

Which aspect would an author use to portray an action as it is happening?

Which aspect would an author use to summarize the whole action from start to finish?

Which aspect would an author use to focus on the results of a verb's action?

When do Greek verbs communicate time as well as aspect?

λύοντες

λέγων

ἀγαπῶντι

λύουσα

πιστευομένη

οὗτος ἐστιν (is) ὁ βαπτίζων ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ.

How is the participle functioning in this sentence?

What kind of word is οὗτος?

Parse βαπτίζων

What kind of adjective is ἁγίῳ?

Choose the best translation:

New Vocabulary