Lesson 9 | Stems

Review

This lesson was packed with paradigms! But as previously stated, you do not need to memorize most of them. Instead, you need to know the general concepts (represented in the מְּנוֹרָה) and typical form identifiers for the seven stems. So take the time to look over these again below.

What we learned this lesson

  1. There are seven stems
  • Participle forms (with the addition of the qal passive)
ms participles
active & passive
qal / niphal יוֹשֵׁב נִשְׁאָר sitting / remaining
qal passive כָּתוּב written
piel / pual מְבַקֵּשׁ מְבֹרָךְ requesting / blessed
hiphil / hophal מֵבִיא מֻשְׁלָךְ bringing / thrown
hithpael מִתְהַלֵּךְ walking about
  • Perfect forms
3ms perfect form
active & passive
qal / niphal מָצָא נִמְצָא he found / was found
piel / pual כִּפֵּר כֻּפַּר he atoned / was atoned for
hiphil / hophal הֵבִיא הוּבָא he brought / was brought
hithpael הִתְהַלֶּךְ he walked about
  • Identifying features qal: Closest to the lexical form, with a-class vowels niphal: The nun prefix with a chirik vowel piel: The chirik vowel under the first root letter + the dagesh in the second root letter pual: The kubutz vowel under the first root letter + the dagesh in the second root letter hiphil: The he prefix with a chirik, e-class vowel, patach, cholam, or cholam-vav + inserted י in third person hophal: A he prefix with a kubutz, shureq, or kamatz hithpael: The –הִת prefix

Need some more practice? This quizlet contains paradigms for the perfect form in each stem.

Hebrew II