Lesson 7 | Perfect Indicatives

Review

In this lesson, you learned perfect indicatives, adding two more rows to our 4 Key Features chart.
Indicative Verbs: 4 KEY FEATURES
Tense-Form Voice Augment Stem Tense Former Ending Pattern
Present Active present Primary
Active
Middle/
Passive
present Primary
Middle-Passive
Imperfect Active ε present Secondary
Active
Middle/
Passive
ε present Secondary
Middle-Passive
1st Aorist Active ε
usually same as
present
σα Secondary
Active
Middle ε
usually same as
present
σα Secondary
Middle-Passive
Passive ε
usually same as
present
θη Secondary
Active
2nd Aorist Active ε aorist Secondary
Active
Middle ε aorist Secondary
Middle-Passive
Passive ε aorist η Secondary
Active
Future Active future¹ σ Primary
Active
Middle future¹ σ Primary
Middle-Passive
Passive aorist θησ Primary
Middle-Passive
Perfect Active redup +
perfect²
κα Primary
Active
³
Middle/
Passive
redup +
perfect²
Primary
Middle-Passive
¹ Often similar to the aorist stem.
² Often similar to either the present or aorist stem.
³ With changes.
⁴ Without connecting vowels.

Greek III