Indicative Verbs: 4 KEY FEATURES | |||||
Tense-Form | Voice | Augment | Stem | Tense Former | Ending Pattern |
Present | Active | present | Primary Active |
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Middle/ Passive |
present | Primary Middle-Passive |
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Imperfect | Active | ε | present | Secondary Active |
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Middle/ Passive |
ε | present | Secondary Middle-Passive |
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1st Aorist | Active | ε | usually same as present |
σα | Secondary Active |
Middle | ε | usually same as present |
σα | Secondary Middle-Passive |
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Passive | ε | usually same as present |
θη | Secondary Active |
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2nd Aorist | Active | ε | aorist | Secondary Active |
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Middle | ε | aorist | Secondary Middle-Passive |
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Passive | ε | aorist | η | Secondary Active |
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Future | Active | future¹ | σ | Primary Active |
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Middle | future¹ | σ | Primary Middle-Passive |
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Passive | aorist | θησ | Primary Middle-Passive |
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Perfect | Active | redup + perfect² |
κα | Primary Active³ |
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Middle/ Passive |
redup + perfect² |
Primary Middle-Passive⁴ |
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¹ Often similar to the aorist stem. | |||||
² Often similar to either the present or aorist stem. | |||||
³ With changes. | |||||
⁴ Without connecting vowels. |