| Indicative Verbs: 4 KEY FEATURES | |||||
| Tense-Form | Voice | Augment | Stem μι³ | Tense Former | Ending Pattern |
| Present | Active | present μι¹ | Primary Active μι² |
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| Middle/ Passive |
present μι¹ | Primary Middle-Passive |
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| Imperfect | Active | ε | present μι¹ | Secondary Active |
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| Middle/ Passive |
ε | present μι¹ | Secondary Middle-Passive |
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| 1st Aorist | Active | ε | usually same as present |
σα μι⁴ | Secondary Active |
| Middle | ε | usually same as present |
σα | Secondary Middle-Passive |
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| Passive | ε | usually same as present |
θη | Secondary Active |
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| 2nd Aorist | Active | ε | aorist | Secondary Active |
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| Middle | ε | aorist | Secondary Middle-Passive |
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| Passive | ε | aorist | η | Secondary Active |
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| Future | Active | future¹ | σ | Primary Active |
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| Middle | future¹ | σ | Primary Middle-Passive |
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| Passive | aorist | θησ | Primary Middle-Passive |
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| Perfect | Active | redup + perfect² |
κα | Primary Active³ |
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| Middle/ Passive |
redup + perfect² |
Primary Middle-Passive⁴ |
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| ¹ Often similar to the aorist stem. | |||||
| ² Often similar to either the present or aorist stem. | |||||
| ³ With changes. | |||||
| ⁴ Without connecting vowels. | |||||
| μι Verb Rules | |||||
| ¹ Use reduplication (with an iota) in the present and imperfect. | |||||
| ² Use three new endings in the present active: 1s –μι, 3s –σι, 3p –ασι. | |||||
| ³ The stem vowel of μι verbs can lengthen, shorten, or drop out. | |||||
| ⁴ Most use κα as their tense former in the aorist active. | |||||
| Indicative Ending Patterns | ||||||||||
| Primary Active |
Primary Middle-Passive |
Secondary Active |
Secondary Middle-Passive |
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| Singular | First | λύω | λύομαι | ἔλυον | ἐλυόμην | |||||
| Second | λύεις | λύῃ¹ | ἔλυες | ἐλύου³ | ||||||
| Third | λύει | λύεται | ἔλυε(ν) | ἐλύετο | ||||||
| Plural | First | λύομεν | λυόμεθα | ἐλύομεν | ἐλυόμεθα | |||||
| Second | λύετε | λύεσθε | ἐλύετε | ἐλύεσθε | ||||||
| Third | λύουσι(ν) | λύονται | ἔλυον² | ἐλύοντο | ||||||
| ¹ Technically, the ending is σαι, but that is only seen in the Perfect. | ||||||||||
| ² The ending changes to σαν in the Aorist Passive. | ||||||||||
| ³ Technically, the ending is σο, but that is only seen in the 1st Aorist (as σω) and Pluperfect. | ||||||||||
| εἰμί in the indicative | |||||||||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | |||||||||
| Singular | First | εἰμί I am |
ἤμην I was |
ἔσομαι I will be |
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| Second | εἶ you are |
ἦς you were |
ἔσῃ you will be |
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| Third | ἐστίν he/she/it is |
ἦν he/she/it was |
ἔσται he/she/it will be |
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| Plural | First | ἐσμέν we are |
ἦμεν we were |
ἐσόμεθα we will be |
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| Second | ἐστέ you (pl.) are |
ἦτε you (pl.) were |
ἔσεσθε you (pl.) will be |
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| Third | εἰσίν they are |
ἦσαν they were |
ἔσονται they will be |
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