Lesson 4 | Stems in the Imperfect
[4] Hiphil and Hophal
The last pair of stems is the hiphil and hophal, which bring a causal sense to a root’s base meaning. We’ll use the hollow verb בּוֹא for this pair.
hiphil & hophal imperfect for בּוֹא
| 1cs | אָבִיא | I will bring | |
| 1cp | נָבִיא | we will bring | |
| 2ms | תָּבִיא | you [sir] will bring | |
| 2fs | תָּבִיאִי | you [ma’am] will bring | |
| 2mp | תָּבִיאוּ | you all will bring | |
| 2fp | |||
| 3ms | יָבִיא | יוּבָא | he will bring / be brought |
| 3fs | תָּבִיא | תּוּבָא | she will bring / be brought |
| 3mp | יָבִיאוּ | יוּבָאוּ | they will bring / be brought |
| 3fp | תְּבִיאֶינָה | [those ladies] will bring |
Identifying features (hiphil):
- An a-class vowel under the prefix
- Frequently has a yod inserted between the second and third root letters
Identifying feature (hophal):
- A u-class vowel between the prefix and the first letter of its root
Practice
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וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ
What is the root of וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ?
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Is וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ derived from a hollow verb?
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Does וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ’s root begin or end with a weak letter, or is it לָקַח or a I-א?
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What stem is וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ conjugated in?
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What is the person, gender, and number of וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ? (use this format: e.g. 1cs)
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
Highlight and zigzag וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ in the passage above according to its aspect and stem.
In light of these things, וַיָּקִ֨ימוּ could be translated .
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וַיָּ֥שָׁב
What is the root of וַיָּ֥שָׁב?
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Is וַיָּ֥שָׁב derived from a hollow verb?
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
Does וַיָּ֥שָׁב’s root begin or end with a weak letter, or is it לָקַח or a I-א?
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
What stem is וַיָּ֥שָׁב conjugated in?
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
What is the person, gender, and number of וַיָּ֥שָׁב? (use this format: e.g. 1cs)
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
Highlight and zigzag וַיָּ֥שָׁב in the passage above according to its aspect and stem.
In light of these things, וַיָּ֥שָׁב could be translated .
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
וַיִּרְא֤וּ
What is the root of וַיִּרְא֤וּ?
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Is וַיִּרְא֤וּ derived from a hollow verb?
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
Does וַיִּרְא֤וּ’s root begin or end with a weak letter, or is it לָקַח or a I-א?
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
What stem is וַיִּרְא֤וּ conjugated in?
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What is the person, gender, and number of וַיִּרְא֤וּ? (use this format: e.g. 1cs)
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
Highlight and zigzag וַיִּרְא֤וּ in the passage above according to its aspect and stem.
In light of these things, וַיִּרְא֤וּ could be translated .
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וַתֻּקַּ֥ח
What is the root of וַתֻּקַּ֥ח?
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Is וַתֻּקַּ֥ח derived from a hollow verb?
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
Does וַתֻּקַּ֥ח’s root begin or end with a weak letter, or is it לָקַח or a I-א?
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
What stem is וַתֻּקַּ֥ח conjugated in?
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
What is the person, gender, and number of וַתֻּקַּ֥ח? (use this format: e.g. 1cs)
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
Highlight and zigzag וַתֻּקַּ֥ח in the passage above according to its aspect and stem.
In light of these things, וַתֻּקַּ֥ח could be translated .
Log in / create an account to enroll or continue where you left off.
Hiphil imperfect forms in the songs we’ve learned
Once again, the passive stem of our pair is far less common and has not appeared in any of the song we have learned to this point in the course. There have, however, been two appearances of the hiphil imperfect.
In the first instance we find a form that is just like your example word at the top of the page, given that it too is a hollow verb.
As for the second, a וֹ is inserted to a hiphil form in the imperfect with words containing a י as the first letter in their root. This is something you will also find with other verbs beginning with י. For example יָלַד becomes יוֹלִיד (“he fathered”), and יָצָא becomes יוֹצִיא (“he brought out”).
וְחֶרְפַּת עַמּוֹ יָסִיר מֵעַל כָּל־הָאָרֶץ — “and the reproach of his people he will remove from upon the whole earth”
וְיוֹשִׁיעֵנוּ — “and he will save us”